Indian Army deploys robotic dogs to boost border surveillance in J&K

Laser-based counter-drone systems and intrusion-detection equipment have also been installed along sections of the border in J&K. A key addition is the four-legged robotic units now patrolling difficult stretches of the more than 740-km LoC. The Army received its first batch of 100 units, known as MULEs (multi-utility legged equipment), in June 2024. Their deployment has since expanded to sensitive areas including Akhnoor and Rajouri. Videos showing the robotic units patrolling the Akhnoor sector recently went viral.

“Hundreds of such robotic mules have already been deployed along the LoC and border in Jammu to strengthen surveillance systems. These machines have not only provided a new edge to border security with advanced technology and real-time intelligence in high-security sectors but also helped in providing logistics in rugged and difficult terrains in forward areas,” defence sources told TOI. The robots can also support ambush operations during encounters with infiltrators or terrorists and help monitor opposing forces’ movements.

Their four-legged design allows them to cross rugged ground inaccessible to conventional wheeled or tracked vehicles. They can climb mountain slopes and navigate inclines of up to 45 degrees, as well as snow-covered terrain, deserts and river crossings.

The units are designed to operate in extreme weather, with a stated operating range typically between -40°C and +55°C. They can carry tactical loads weighing 12–15 kg, including ammunition, rations and fuel, easing soldiers’ physical burden. Their equipment includes 360-degree cameras, electro-optical and thermal/infrared sensors, and radar systems for real-time threat detection and object recognition.